America, Where Are You - 1831 Words

Helen Rivera 4/02/2015 Professor Adejumo POS2112 Education: America, Where are you? The American Dream. â€Å"That dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.† - James Truslow Adams, 1931. (The American Dream. What Is The American Dream?) But are we living that dream? In America, freedom is the epitome of what it means to be American with the freedom of speech, the freedom of religion, and the freedom to have an education. Our founding father, Thomas Jefferson, knew that having an educated citizenry was essential for a thriving democracy (Maglebe 210). But even though this country is based on a life that â€Å"should be better and richer and†¦show more content†¦(Ryan). These scores are mediocre compared to the educational powerhouses like Singapore, Korea and Finland. So why is the U.S. struggling to keep up in education? It appears to be due to the way the education system is set up. In order to understand the probable issues with the system, you need to first understand how the system works. Students typically start school around the age of three or four. They spend six years in elementary school, three years in middle school, and four years in high school. From there, they can either choose to continue their education in either vocational school, at a community college, or at a university. There is access to a free public education in grades K-12, but without financial aid, college can be very costly. There are a lot of government financial aid programs, but each year the cost of tuition increases, making it harder for some individuals to receive a college education. As for the administration of public education, there are several different levels on how schools are managed. There are public institutions that are managed in part by the national administration, but primarily by the state and local government. In terms of education, it is necessary for it to be governed locally because of the different needs that each district may face. Since some schools are in wealthier neighborhoods, they may score better than others that may be in much poorer neighborhoods. Public schools are funded

Did Departures Deserve the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar

The crowd fell silent as the winner was announced for Best Foreign Language Film Oscar. â€Å"What is this film that just won?† many might have asked themselves while others wondered, â€Å"Really, how can this be?† The votes were split; at least this is the idea of John P. McCarthy. The film Departures received many different reactions. Most seem to believe that the film was deserving of the Academy Award while some have contrasting opinions. While both Philip Kennicott and John McCarthy agree that Departures contains a traditional plot line and a slightly humorous twist, Kennicott’s review is more developed, identifying some of the underlying points of the film while McCarthy’s review was rather vague and judgmental. Both reviews differ greatly in opinion. They did, however, agree in some areas of the film. Comparing the two, it is seen that both reviews found the film to be traditional. It was simple, straightforward, and predictable. Kennicott wrote, â€Å"The weakness is the film’s social agenda, which is all in the service of old traditions. Give up your urban dreams, go back to your home village, take up the old ways, the old rituals, the old social connections.† McCarthy said in his review [Departures was] â€Å"Filmed with straightforward precision and respectful simplicity.† Departures seems to be one of the many films out there that leaves behind a slight dà ©jà   vu. Although it is a predictable film, both authors agree that the film has a humorous twist to it. KennicottShow MoreRelatedFactors Limiting the Growth of Film Industry in Kenya3567 Words   |  15 Pagesinformation Film industry in Kenya has a significant influence on the growth of economy. The film industry is expected to grown tremendously over the coming years. The slow growth of film industry in Kenya can be greatly attributed to the advancement of technology. In order for the indigenous film industry in Kenya to produce quality films worthy of a global audience, there are a number of educational, technological, and commercial concerns that need to be address. Such as Lack of film education,Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesdemanding competitive climate. Furthermore, the competitive climate is not a war of so-called Old Economy versus New Economy concepts. Instead, the competitive climate involves the convergence of the management models that have been proved to work best in both throughout today’s marketplace. Business leaders need to understand that the current marketplace is characterized by the following business truths: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  The quick and most flexible devour the ponderous and most rigid. Networking andRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesoriginal analyses of the possibilities for meaningful accounting standardization. With an agenda as rich as this, it is all the more praiseworthy that Michael maintained his dialogues with both the academic and the practitioner communities. But that he did. Those who know Michael Bromwich are not surprised by his many involvements, however. Constantly striving, always curious and ever personable, he has developed a pattern of interests, involvements, and friendships that have sustained his very effectiveRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesL S A L Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team? 308 glOBalization! Group Cohesiveness across Cultures 314 An Ethical Choice Using Global Virtual Teams as an Environmental Choice 315 Myth or Science? â€Å"Teams Work Best Under Angry Leaders† 320 Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy? 322 Point/Counterpoint We Can Learn Much About Work Teams from Studying Sports Teams 326 Questions for Review 327 Experiential Exercise Fixed versus Variable Flight Crews 327

Critical Analysis Of Human Resource Management System (HRMS)

Question: What are the key strenghts and limitations of the 2 HR systems in the context of the workplace.How do the 2 HR management systems relate to the accomplishment of strategic goals? What assumptions are you basing these views on? Compare how the 2 HR management systems effectively contribute to the management of human capital to achieve the strategic of the organisation . Answer: Introduction A strategic HR management is a procedure that makes such strategies of human resource that are incorporated with the association's business objectives and help the general methodology of the association. As per Walker (1992), it is characterized as the method for adjusting the administration of human resources with the strategic substance of the business. The reconciliation can either be vertical or it may be horizontal. Vertical integration gives consistency between HR system and the business with the previous supporting of the achievement of the latter one. The horizontal integration attempts to verify that the different human resource methodology components fit together and mutually help one another (Armstrong, M., 1999). Despite the fact that key human resource administration framework is a developing framework today, there are a few issues relating to its practice (Joanna, 1996). Strategic HRM A Critical Analysis Basically, the strategic human resource administration is about the key part of human resource administration in gathering the targets of the organisation. Human Resources is very firmly connected with the execution and viability of a business. In any case, the way through which the human resource practices impact authoritative viability were constantly addressed upon by some critics (Marler, 2012). A considerable measure of explores have been directed upon the clarification of the significance of human resource administration in the execution of a business. The studies have for the most part embraced an asset based perspective of the firm (Delery, 1998) which stresses that the company's competitive advantage is expanded by the sort of assets it has. Also, this underscores that the HR management doubtlessly increases the value of an association since the HR management practices are the primary variables that a firm utilizes to deliver or hold the fundamental work force. The prevalent center of examination on key HR management is basically on the vertical as well as horizontal fits (Joanna, 1996). In strategic HR management, horizontal fit accentuates the interior consistency of the HR rehearses with the fundamental suspicion that for any specific arrangement, to have greatest impact, it is essential that alternate policies which are in effect are properly functioning (Strohmeier, 2007). The complexity in this hypothesis is the non-presence of the description about which the internally reliable practices make up a framework. There is no robust hypothetical structure for picking the HR rehearses. It was contended that there are a few blends of practices that will bring about the same hierarchical results (Delery Doty, 1996). For instance, a firm needs to distinguish the practices of human resources that would create work force with superior in the event that they are to have advantage over their rivals. However, any HR practice prompts various results and numerous HR practices can be utilized to attain to the same result. This is a basic issue in the strategic HR management. A ctually, the recent models related to competency have furnished analysts with a system that helps formation of a horizontal fit. In these models, a set of behavioral abilities are characterized that are important to the business focused around which HR practices can be utilized to guarantee improvement of those practices in people. Actually, an answer is yet to be arrived at, in the issue of horizontal or inner fit. How it is produced and measured is a parkway that offers sufficient open doors for future specialists to address (Gibb, 2001). An imperative discourse in strategic human resource management is a synergistic relation between the distinctive human resource practices. Essentially, there are two types of this synergistic relationship. First one portrays how various practices can cooperate and advance one another's viability and that upgrades the association's adequacy bringing about a positive result. This is called a capable association by Becker et al. The other combination which is termed as deadly connection is the point at which the practices conflict with one another and the result is negative. Hence, it is essential in strategic HR management to distinguish and measure HRM practices and frameworks while recognizing these connections among the practices (Becker Gerhart, 1996). The next critical issue in strategic human resource management is the level of examination. It is focused around what level the human resource rehearses in an organisation are measured. As indicated by a structure proposed, it is critical that the work force center for vital objectives be represented by a performance based work framework (Lepak, Liao, Chung Harden, 2006). While this practice will pick up the associations higher scores on their center work drive, the issue with this methodology is that the non-center work force might likewise have measured up to vitality or more noteworthy weight (Keating Thompson, 2004). Hence, while measuring the practices of human resources, closer consideration must be paid to the level at which they are measured. Averaging the utilization of practices may indicate that all the workers be it center or non-center gatherings are similarly vital. Associations must utilize distinctive HR practices for diverse worker levels and gatherings. This recom mends that for a specific occupation a specific HRM framework is needed. Focussing on HR practices at diverse employment levels in an association would hence give an understanding into how advantage over rivalry can be attained to utilizing work power (Wei, 2006). As per earlier discussion, there is no understanding about what practices constitute an intelligible HRM framework. It is likewise important to focus on the HR policies alongside the practices as well as the problem related to construct definition. Advancement of hypothesis would tackle this issue. Strategic human resource administration has dependably been scrutinized for absence of hypothetical establishment (Neal, West Patterson, 2005). The researches have demonstrated that there are three diverse hypothetical structures in Strategic HRM, which are, Universal, Contingency as well as Configuration hypotheses (Delery Doty, 1996). The Universalistic hypothesis shows that some HR practices are powerful universally. Selection of these practices by an association will bring about expanded profits. As per the Contingency hypothesis, the viability of HR practices is unforeseen with the strategy of an organisation. Associations must receive the strategies of human resources that are prop er for its technique to have higher viability. Furthermore, the configuration hypothesis manages the synergistic connections between the practices (The Writepass Journal, 2012). Other researches utilizes six hypothetical models for talking about strategic HR management; viz Behavioral perspective, computerized or cybernetic models, transaction or agency cost hypothesis, institutional hypothesis, resource based perspective of the association, and power or resource reliance models. These speculations are helpful for the understanding of strategic and along with non-strategic determinants of HR rehearses (Wright Mcmahan, 1992). The behavioral point of view is concerned with how strategy, HR behaviours and practices are related to each other. Cyberne tic models as well as transaction cost models is concerned with the relationship among the HR practices, a firm strategy and the HR capital pool and practices (Heffernan Flood, 2000). The institutional hypothesis as well as resource dependence hypothesis concerns the impacts of institutional and political variables on the HR practices. These hypothetical systems are not without their limits. Yet as indicated by the critical analysis of the strategic HR management, the majority of the issues concerning the SHRM can be understood by creating a solid hypothetical premise of administration. Qualitative as well as quantitative examination of two organizations in the same business and diverse execution levels could be developed to help in the development of particular and general practices (Bized, 2015). It additionally helps in summing up the procedure inside a firm that drafts the standards and the methodology of effectively interpreting these standards in HR strategies that are productive. This line of examination in strategic HR management could help enhance the way associations are examined and managed (Colbert, 2004). Utilizing information from forty five specialties units and related HR practices from past, present as well as future operations related practices, it was observed that connections with all operational measures were high and invariant. Further, it was discovered that controlling over a significant time span execution practically wiped out the association of HR practices with that without bounds. This gave strategic HR management analysts preventative proof on making easy-going surmisings on the relationship between HR rehearses and the execution of the association (Wright, Snell, Dyer, 2005). A companys performance relies on how the HR frameworks are measured. Execution in association differs focused around that, it is so close to the planned impact of HR practices and what level it is accumulated. Examination of strategic HR management in developing nations show that it is more probable that private organizations will embrace this procedure than general society associations. More center is being paid on the execution issues of strategic HR management lately (Boxall Purcell, 2003). The business firms are perceiving that the proposed and acknowledged practices are not the same as each other and depending upon a set of expressed standards will bring about insufficient results. Likewise, more consideration is being focussed on strategic HR managements part in mergers and acquisitions. Understanding the human capital investment choice making procedure, understanding the contrast between interests in center and non-center work power, and a superior understanding of the differ ing qualities of work faculty and their consequences for association's execution are helping in understanding the strategic HR management. The test is to fill the hole between learning that has been recognized and break new ground (Hall, Andrade Drake, 2009). The Two HR systems The human resource management system includes various practices related to the human resources. Human resource management systems are basically the work and procedures which are performed by the human resource managers of the organization. Human resource managers in organizations basically manages the human resource of the company, these human resource practices includes the recruitment and selection, performance management, outsourcing, HR planning, motivation of the staff, ethics, work design, OHS etc. (Devanna, Fombrun Tichy, 1981). These systems help in increasing the strength of the organization by creating an enthusiasm between the employees towards the work. This not only creates enthusiasm but also trains the employees of the organization and utilizes the right talent at right place. The two human resource management systems are as follows Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection of the human resource is a very important activity of the human resource management of an organization (Brewster Suutari, 2005). Its really important to recruit a right employee for the right purpose in the organization because these only work for an organization and help in accomplishing the goals for organization. Thus, the basic purpose of the recruitment is to select the right person for the right job for the organization. The recruitment process includes various steps (Ichipwski, 1996). The main step is identifying or analysing the requirement of the recruitment. This step first includes identifying the need of human resources, for this, the human resource managers, first need to identify the workload and the requirement of the projects. The second step is to identify the purpose and objectives of the recruitment. The purpose of the recruitment should also be very clear as this will help in setting the quality and the educational requirements of the de sired candidates. Then the third step is to set the quality, experience, efficiency and educational background required for the recruitment process. Then the various types of tests and interviews are decided for examining the right candidate for those posts. This step should be performed very carefully as it will help in identifying the right candidate. Then the real process for recruitment starts (Armstrong, 2006). This step includes the physical process of selecting the right candidate. For understanding the effect of this process, lets take an example of the recruitment process of the Google organization. Googles human resource managers follow these steps, starting from the identification of the requirement of the recruitment, for identifying the requirements at the right time human resource managers of organization keep track of the processes of organization on timely basis. This includes the interview of the team and employees as well as the current processes and projects running in the organization (McGraw, 2002). The organization then identifies the purpose for the recruitment like what posts are required by the organization. Suppose currently, the company requires an accountant and software developer. Then in the next step the organization sets the criteria for these posts like educational background requirement, experience required for these posts etc. and according to these posts human resource managers set the examination process for the recruitment e. g. f or a software developer post, the examination process of the company includes the phone interview, aptitude test, professional test, technical interview and finally an HR interview (Lepak, Liao, Chung Harden, 2006). These strategies are very much successful for recruiting the right candidate for the organization as the processes described help in testing all the skills required for the posts like aptitude test help in checking the IQ of a candidate, professional test check the professional knowledge of the candidate and interviews help in checking various other requirements (Beckar Gernart, 1996). Thus, the recruitment process of an organization is very important for selecting a right candidate for the organization. Accomplishment of Strategic goals The strategic goal of the recruitment and selections process is to finding the best candidate for the organization which suits the requirements of the organization and also according to the culture of the organization. Thus, the recruitment process helps in accomplishing the goals of selecting the right candidate for the organization according to the need and requirement of the organization (Collings Mellahi, 2009). An organization needs to work for growing in this competitive market and for accomplishing task and works of an organization needs the effective human resource and employees which can work efficiently and effectively within the organization and can fulfil the requirements of the task. Thus, the recruitment process helps in accomplishing the strategic goals (Huselid, 1995). Outsourcing Outsourcing is also a very important function of human resource managers. Outsourcing can be understood by the following way. Outsourcing is basically a process in which a company hires another company for providing some services to save the various costs related to manufacturing of those goods or services (Schuler MacMillan, 1984). This can be understood by the following the example. Company needs to pay a high salary to a CFO but many companies use the strategies that they hire CFO who will visit the organization few times in each month and perform the financial analysis of the company. By this way, organization may save a lot of money each month (Birdi et al, 2008). The outsourcing in any organization can be done in various terms. The outsourcing can be done in terms of employee, services as well as goods. Example of the outsourcing of employee is shown previously by referencing the CFO (Ichniowski, Kochan, Levine, Olson Strauss, 1996). The example for the outsourcing of the services includes the software services, repairing of any items etc. are the examples of outsourcing of the services. Dell is a very good example of outsourcing. Dell purchases various parts of the computers and laptops from the other manufacturing companies and then builds their full product. This is the best example of outsourcing of the goods by Dell Organization. For an effective and efficient outsourcing, first the company needs to identify the requirement of the outsourcing. Outsourcing is a very important decision by an organisation. Before taking this decision the company needs to analyse various points (Ahmad Schroeder, 2003). The main point that should be considered is related to the basic purpose of outsourcing that is the cost and time saving. Thus, a company first needs to calculate the overall cost of the service, either if the company produces these services or if company outsources these services. The time is also important as the service will be performed by the company itself. By combining these two factors, the calculation should be performed. Accomplishment of Strategic goals The goal behind the outsourcing is to save the cost and the time for the service that is going to be outsourced. Let us understand this by an example. Suppose a company manufactures computers and laptop, another company manufactures hard disk. The computer manufacturing company may outsource the hard disk from the another company, the cost of manufacturing of the hard disk for the hard disk manufacturing company will of course be less than if the computer manufacturing company itself prepares the hard disk for the computer, as the company needs to set the full setup for developing the hard disk. It will need the extra space also (Huseldid, 1995). Contribution of Two services in the human capital Both the services contribute a lot in the human capital. Recruitment process helps a company to recruit talented, experienced and required man force for the company. Recruitment process helps in strengthening the human capital of an organization. It also helps to create a base for the human resource of an organization which contributes in the human capital of the organization (Lengnich-hall, Lengnick-hall, Andrade Drake, 2009). Outsourcing also helps in human capital of the organization. Outsourcing helps the organization in saving the salary for the employees, cost for managing the employees etc. The fund saved from the sourcing can be spent in training of the existing human capital of the company. This will make human resource of the company strong, effective and efficient (Wright, Snell Dyer, 2005). Thus, both the systems help in making human capital of the organization strong and effective which can work for the company efficiently. Conclusion A good human resource management frameworks can make situations with little uncertainty in regards to key objectives of the association. Qualities, for example, perceivability of the HR forms, clarity of the data in the approaches, worthiness of the practices, and consistency of the administration in applying the arrangements to representatives consistently, adequacy of the strategies, inner consistency (horizontal fit) and power are the fundamentals representing the quality of an HR administration. Associations that endeavor to duplicate HR approaches and rehearses from effective associations discover those practices from alternate firms did not provide for them the same invaluable results (Wright Boswell, 2002). Representative recognition about the HR practices assumes a significant part between HR practices as well as strategic objectives. In this way it is important to oversee the strategies of HR management that don't bring about different impression of the representatives (Dev anna, Fombrun Tichy, 1981). The correct portrayal of HR management can accordingly help with a superior understanding of the field of strategic HR advancement and help detail the policies of HR management that can affect absolutely on the execution of an association. References Marler, J. (2012). Strategic Human Resource Management in Context: A Historical and Global Perspective.Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(2), pp.6-11. Joanna C. (1996). HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS. Centre for Labour and Trade Union Studies. University of Waikato. pp 187-190. Keating, M., Thompson, K. (2004). International human resource management: overcoming disciplinary sectarianism. Employee Relations, 26(6), 595-612. Wei, L. (2006). Strategic Human Resource Management: Determinants of Fit,Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 14(2), pp. 49-60. The WritePass Journal, (2012). Critical Analysis of the Strategic human resource management in India. Heffernan, M. M., Flood, P. C. (2000). An exploration of the relationships between the adoption of managerial competencies, organisational characteristics, human resource sophistication and performance in Irish organisations. Journal of European Industrial Training, 24(2/3/4), 128-136. Colbert, B. (2004). The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management.The Academy of Management Review, 29(3), p.341. Bized, (2015). Biz/ed - Critical Review of Human Resource Management - Activity | Biz/ed. Strohmeier, S. (2007). Research in e-HRM: Review and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 17(1), 19-37. Wright, P. (1992). Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management.Journal of Management, 18(2), pp.295-320. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2003).Strategy and human resource management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kepes, S., Delery, J. E. (2007). HRM systems and the problem of internal fit. Oxford Handbook of Human Resource Management, The, 385. Armstrong, M. (1999).A handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page. Delery, J. (1998). Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: Implications for research.Human Resource Management Review, 8(3), pp.289-309. Gibb, S. (2001). The state of human resource management: evidence from employees views of HRM systems and staff. Employee Relations, 23(4), 318-336. Delery, J. and Doty, D. (1996). Modes of Theorizing In Strategic Human Resource Management: Tests of Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Performance Predictions.Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), pp.802-835. Devanna, M., Fombrun, C. and Tichy, N. (1981). Human resources management: A strategic perspective.Organizational Dynamics, 9(3), pp.51-67. Lengnick-hall, C. and Lengnick-hall, M. (1988). Strategic Human Resources Management: A Review of the Literature and a Proposed Typology.Academy of Management Review, 13(3), pp.454-470. Becker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996). The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: Progress and Prospects. Academy of Management Journal 39, pp. 779-801.

Lord Of The Flies Play Essays - Fiction, English-language Films

Lord Of The Flies Play 29/1/00 M3 Lord of the Files( Review) The theatre version of ?Lord of the Flies' based on the novel by William Golding and adapted by Nigel Williams are now being presented in the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith, London. Tickets cost about ?7.00. This review is comparing the book and how Nigel Williams adapted it. The theatre version of ?Lord of the Flies' is very good. Interesting and always in the climax. The actors are not little kids and there are not lots of them. There are only 8 actors. Some of the actors take 2 or 3 roles. The adult actors acted like a bunch of kids, which was very effective. The way the stage is set out was terrific, the moves around and about on the stage were really planned out well. The stage is a wrecked plane broken in to 2 parts. Actors used up all the stage. See diagram. For example when it is the mountain scene the fire on top of the shelter is lit up and the movable part is facing towards us with the highest point towards the audience. When simon is running down the mountain the movable parts were facing with the lowest point towards us so that it creates a downhill effect. Piggy was a very good actor. The person who took the role of piggy really sounded like piggy.(cockney accent). Some of Piggy's lines were cut out and the way the Piggy died was totally different. Ralph was played by a good actor. The actor was really active, hyper, and was very childlike. He was serious and sometimes fun like in the book. Jack was not what I expected. The entrance of the choir was very good but Jack's voice was just to high pitched and annoying. If Jack were a bit more serious and manly he would have been the perfect actor. Jack sounded too childish. Simon was a very good actor. He was interesting. I taught that the actor had the potential to be like Ralph but because he plays Simon he doesn't talk that much. The way he did was very good and interesting. The others chased him so that he is going up the mountain but then he gets killed. They move the movable parts and the body slides down for jack to take off stage. Overall the play was very good just as the book. Bu if you're lazy and don't like reading this is highly recommended. But still it is recommended to every one ages 13 - as old as the oldest person in the world. Bibliography the Play Production in the lyric theater in london

The Right To Choose essays

The Right To Choose essays In todays society, war is a huge debate due to the United States military presence in Iraq, as well as, other foreign parts of the world. Due to the U.S. governments foreign policy, which has developed the U.S. into a country heavily dependent on its voluntary military, the U.S. soldiers have been serving time abroad well over their original tours of duty. This problem and the lack of volunteerism in the military has caused some to say that it is time for the United States to implement the military draft. Although implementing the draft would be an easy solution to a difficult problem, this solution may ultimately create more problems than it solves. There are three main reasons why the United States should not implement a military draft: First, there is no formal procedure for drafting that has proven to be successful. Second, there is no set standard for strongly enforcing the draft. Last, the use of a draft may only encourage further corrupt foreign policy by the United States gov ernment. During the Vietnam War of the 1960s, the United States government implemented a military draft that proved to be extremely faulty in its method of selection. According to Russell T. Hurlburt, author of a commonly used college textbook titled, Comprehending Behavioral Statistics, the problem with the selection process of drafting in the Vietnam War was that the government used a quasi-random sample, rather than an actual random sample. Hurlburt points out that debate occurred when the U.S. government drafted men according to their birthdates, which were put into capsules and mixed in a glass bowl. The problem with this system was that it was not truly random due to the fact that statistically it was more likely for those with birthdates in the beginning of the year, such as January and February to be drafted first. Those with birthdates at the end of the year, like November and December, were least likel...

world hunger essays

world hunger essays Every day an estimated 24,000 people die from hunger or hunger related causes. Three-fourths of these deaths are children under the age of five. One may wonder how this can be living in a country were it seems so much food is wasted everyday. Food restaurants and grocery stores throw away food every night before closing. Many Americans waste food every day within their own homes. With so much "left over" food in American how is it that an estimated 800 million people around the world suffer from hunger and malnutrition?1 Well, first we must define the word hunger. Hunger, in this case, is not just the rumbling in ones stomach that most of us feel if we have not eaten for a few hours. For this purpose, hunger is defined as "a condition resulting from chronic under-consumption of food and/or nutritious food products. It may be precipitated by an inability to obtain sufficient quantities of food to eat or a failure to consume adequate quantities of nutritious food products, regardless of the ability to obtain sufficient food supplies."2 The problem of world hunger is not that there is not enough food produced in the world. "World production of grain alone is over 1.5 billion tons, enough to supply the entire world population with two pounds a day."3 This grain combined the current production of other foods such as meat, fruits, vegetables, and nuts is enough to provide each adult and child on earth 3000 calories a day which is what the average American consumes.4 Americans are not the only ones who waste food. People all over the world are doing the very same thing. And the though it seems that America has too much food, we Americans have hungry people living right here in our own country. The world hunger problem lies within the changing environmental conditions, population, and most of all, poverty. This paper will discuss the causes, effects and possible solutions of world hunger. There are three major cause...

The future of Private and Public pension provision in the next five Essay

The future of Private and Public pension provision in the next five years in Mauritius - Essay Example Pension system is Mauritius was established in the early 1950s, non-contributory pensions are now received by the majority of the residents aged over 60 (Willmore, 2003, Vittas, 2003). Since 1974 pension coverage in the country has been universal, i.e. there is a fixed division into four age groups (60-74 years old; 75-85; 86-99 and 100+, due to overall longevity in the state). The average basic universal pension is about 57 USD (Bailey, 2004, Gopee, 2006). In Mauritius, non-occupational pension consists of several components, such as Basic Retirement Pension, the National Pensions Fund and the Civil Service Pension Scheme and is regulated by strong legal basis (Philip, 1995). Non-occupational pension schemes include basic retirement pension, financed from general taxes, and its current ratio constitutes 3 per cent of annual GDP, but an estimated ratio for 2020 is 6 per cent (GAD, 2001a), due to the ageing trends in population structure. National Pensions Fund is also a part of non-occupational pension provision, as the NPF is an obligatory model which takes into account all private sector organizations employees, excepting those who gain very low wages and some workers involved into sugar industry. Compulsory contributions constituting about 3-9 per cent of overall earnings result in the accumulation of points on the basis of the declared cost of a point for the certain period (Willmore, 2003). National Savings Fund is a third compone nt of non-occupational pension provision and requires of participants certain contributions (2-3 per cent of income) on the mandatory basis (Mauritius Modernizing and Advanced Pension System, 2004). The NSF funds are normally invested into government security, thus the resources themselves are not accumulated, but spent immediately after the employee’s contribution. The other universal social aids and assistances under the NPS’s responsibility include: 1)

Understand the functional nature of the Christian Faith rooted in Research Paper

Understand the functional nature of the Christian Faith rooted in human nature,the cosmos, Christian revelation,and Jesus - Research Paper Example Within the structure of the human life, we can distinguish the inner and outer heart and functions. Therefore, faith is considered as the highest function in human existence. This on one hand implies that believing is the only function, and on the other hand it the most important of all functions. When believing is only functional, it implies that faith is not identical with the heart, but it is determined by the heart in its direction toward good or evil. In short, the whole man is religious and his life is a walk before the face of God in obedience or disobedience (Albi). Since the nature of the Christian faith is functional, it is subject to functional law. In this respect, it is identical to all other functions. Furthermore, faith has an analytical function whose nature is to analyze and distinguish. Distinguishing simply entails noting diversity existing independently with respect to its distinguishing activity. Therefore, the analytical is able to note the distinctness of law and function not only in other law spheres but also in the case of analytical itself (Albi). Faith is a fundamental pillar in Christianity since in its absence, spirituality cannot exist, and hope is doomed to crumble. Also, it is the fundamental principle of the religion of Christ. Many people who consider themselves Christians don’t really understand what faith is. However, the Christian faith is grounded and if the foundation is faulty, then it unlikely that structures built upon it will be strong (Boice). According to the Christian faith, the cosmos and all its components were created by God. The ancient Jewish communities believed that the cosmos consisted a flat shaped disc planet that floated on water. According to them, the world was made up of the underworld and the heavens. However, the Jews later adopted the idea that the underworld was a place where

The Power of Fallacy in Advertising Essay Example for Free

The Power of Fallacy in Advertising Essay Fallacies in advertising are prevalent nowadays to gain commercial advantage to the target audience primarily because people do not bother giving attention to traditional ads whether it is on the radio, on television, or on the Internet. Its a very powerful advertising tool that focuses on deceptive claims that makes us hear what we want to hear and see what we want to see. Take the Xenadrine EFX diet pill advertisement for example. The advertisement claims to help burn off fat by boosting metabolism, though they never cited a qualified scientific study to back it up. The marketers of the product hired already physically fit actors and actresses to create an illusion that Xenadrine EFX helps in reducing body fat. The claim was later investigated by the Federal Trade Commission and was found guilty of falsifying claims and was therefore fined. Using fallacy in advertising helps attract viewers by leading them to believe in the effect of the product even if its effects are not proven. It has its downsides as the example above explains, but it still is a very powerful tool that captures the target audiences effectively. Another form of fallacy thats very popular nowadays is called ad hominem. According to The Dictionary website, ad hominem is defined as â€Å"Appealing to ones prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than to ones intellect or reason. † (2006) Ad hominem is used more often because the nature of it is judging a person by what they do and who they are rather than hearing what he has to say and what he has to offer. In reality, people always use ad hominem always, especially they fight for what they think is right based on their own judgment. Most people are opinionated and full of pride that they tend to judge first based on their common knowledge. Ad hominem is a type of fallacy that people are accustomed to. Its basically the kind of fallacy that seems to be around for ages even before the word itself was invented. Generally, people subconsiously practice it everyday without even knowing it, therefore its easier for them to apply it in everything that they do. Reference (2006). Ad hominem. Retrieved February 26, 2008 from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/ad%20hominem. (n. d. ). US weight-loss pill marketers fined for falls claims. Retrieved February 26, 2008 from http://www. contactomagazine. com/articles/weightloss0107. htm

The Fellowship Of The Rings :: essays research papers

The Fellowship Of The Rings BOOK I J.R.R Tolkien As the story begins we find the lovable Bilbo Baggins having his going away birthday party. He would leave his precious magic ring behind him and leave for Alderaun. 17 years would pass and the ring remains under the safe- keep of Bilbo's nephew, Frodo Baggins. Gandalf Stormcrow has returned and has need of one from the shire. The both discuss the workings and the history of the ring. And conclude that one thing must be done. Frodo and his party must journey to the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie. And destroy the ring by which the very fires from which it was once forged. And so the quest begins, steered by Gandalf and Frodo's party of Sam, Mary, and Pippin. Together they travel the winding roads and through a great blizzard until nightfall. Where warmth and comfort are found in a local tavern. The Hobbits were well to entertain and were taken notice by a man, a warrior by the name of Strider. He took aim on their quest and was reluctant to aid in their cause. Gandalf had departed them to seek the wisdom of another wizard. With Strider and the remaining party they traveled the broad expanse if terrain. Where they would befriend new adventurers along the way. Many a time would they be tempted to misuse the ring. But Frodo's will held strong. Up unto the climax of events, when the ring raids came to take what once belonged to them. In a moment of weakness, Frodo placed the ring on his finger. He vanished from his party's sight. "Take the ring off Frodo!", they yelled. But he was frozen in his steps. Determind to get it they approached him. In a brave attempt to protect the ring, Frodo ran up to them, held the sting high in the air, attempting to strike one of them. But he failed. And instead he took a wound in his side. He then somehow managed to mount back on his horse and ride away across a shallow stream. All that separated them now was the stream. "The ring, the ring..", carried through the crowd of riders. Frodo was weary, he shouted out, "By all the Shire you will have neither I nor the ring! Go back to the

Clinical Analysis: One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest

This is strongly exhibited in the film, through nurse Ratchet's cold, dominating manner of inning of the ward. In the film Chiefs character is written off as deaf & dumb by both the staff and other patients, he often appears catatonic. Broaden does not participate In the therapy circle and appears to be only treated regularly through drugs. He Is presented In the story as a patient with the longest tenure at the institution. The film also alludes to him having had large numbers of shock treatments during his stay.In the novel his character is described as having paranoid hallucinations of dense overwhelming fog generated by The Combine, a massive piece of machinery that intros people. The Chief isolates himself through his facade of being deaf and dumb. Eventually when Macarthur is able to get him to speak, the Chief reveals a story about his father being â€Å"worked on† by society. When he opens up, the Chief also lets on that he appears to see people as either big or small, he views people of confidence and strong spirit as large.The Chief describes himself as a small man, his perception of himself speaks of feelings of weakness or low self efficacy and depression. To properly diagnose Broaden today, a Callahan Is likely to conduct preliminary ABA work & tests to rule out other possible causes for the schizophrenia like symptoms. A clinician would test him for commonly abused drugs that cause schizophrenia like symptoms for example, & conduct a basic physical to rule out medical illnesses that may be causing these symptoms as well as review medical history.A clinician would take note of Broadens very apparent symptoms of Psychosis: marked by hallucinations & delusions (The Combine), disturbances in sensory perception (the fog strongly held personal beliefs (The Combine controls people, reception of people as either being small or big) as well as emotional expression (his blunted flat affect, even when speaking to Macarthur ( speech Is flat, monotone & lacking in signs of typical emotion).A clinician would also pickup on less obvious thinking behavior problems (in this case voluntary lack of speech). They would also need to determine whether Bromide's prolonged depressed mood is a symptom of schizophrenia or one of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Psychosocial treatments would include: rehabilitation, individual psychotherapy, Emily education, self help & support groups and antispasmodic drugs. Social and vocational training would be administered early on after the antispasmodic medication has been administered.As it deals with the immediate issues of isolation and helps teach the individual how to readjust to life outside of the sheltered/ controlled environment of a hospital setting, rehabilitation would be an integral step in eventually returning to life in the outside world. In the film Broaden appears to benefit greatly from forced social interaction with Macarthur. Macrographs character takes on the role of th erapist with The Chief. He treats Broaden with respect and speaks to him instead of at him, which creates a bond of trust.Macarthur also takes the time to involve Broaden in social activities like conversations and group activities (basketball games). The scene where Broaden successfully dunks the ball in the game against the orderlies exhibits the great effect of these simple therapeutic exercises. At the end of this scene Broaden no longer moves at a slow & sluggish pace, appears to come out of his catatonic state and even wows a change in affect with appropriate smiling after scoring in the game.Receiving personal social attention, as well as being involved in the basketball game seems to do wonders for Broaden' isolation & self efficacy issues. Individual psychotherapy would involve regularly scheduled talks between the patient and therapist, to focus on current or past feelings, problems and experiences. Regular interaction with an empathetic person could guide the patient into a more grounded state and put them in touch with the outside world/reality. Problem solving ND coping skills could be learned from reality based therapeutic exercises.As patients are often released and into the care of family members, it is important that they are educated on schizophrenia, relapse prevention & troubleshooting. Learned coping problem solving skills could result in a more successful outcome of care and readjustment of their family member. Self help and support groups would be used to provide mutual support and continued safe & empathetic social outlet for the patient. Patient support groups allow the patient to develop a sense of community with other patients as well as a resource of growth and learning from the sense that they are not alone in their condition.In a way Macarthur follows the psychosocial treatment pattern with The Chief, who at the end of the movie describes the way he perceives himself as â€Å"big as a damn mountain† and has developed proble m solving skills, clearly resolved his self able to make the decision to and accomplish escaping the ward. This comes in stark contrast to the methods exhibited by Nurse Ratchet that focused on maintaining control of the patients, & order of the institution, with a disregard for support/care of the progress of the individual patient.

Six Popular Brands of Cola Are to Be Used in a Blind Taste Study

Macroeconomics Homework 2 Chapter 3: 5. a. England has the absolute advantage in scones & Scotland has the absolute advantage in sweaters. England has the comparative advantage in producing scones and Scotland has the comparative advantage in producing sweaters. b. Scotland would produce sweaters and trade them for scones to England because they will be getting a good at a lower opportunity cost if they produced it in their own country. c. Yes, both countries would still gain from trade because England would still have a higher opportunity cost for producers sweaters than Scotland.Chapter 4: 5. Technology advances have affected the market for computers by increasing the supply causing a shift to the right, which has also increased the demand for computer software, also lowering the price. As for typewriters it has decreased the demand because computers are becoming more affordable because they are cheaper to make. 10. a. Submitting graph in class. Equilibrium price is $6. 00 and quan tity is 81 pizzas. b. There would be a surplus so the producers would have to cut the price to get rid of surplus inventory. . There would be a shortage and the producers would raise the price until the shortage is reduced. Additional homework problems: 1. 1)Opportunity cost of 1 parasol for Huang is 1/3 of a plate. 2)Opportunity cost of 1 parasol for Min ? of plate. 3)Opportunity cost of 1 plate for Huang is 3 parasols. 4)Opportunity cost of 1 plate for Min is 2 parasols. 5)Neither because it takes them both the same amount of labor hours to produce the same amount of parasols. 6)Min because she has lower input of producing plates. )Huang has the comparative advantage of producing parasols because his opportunity cost is lower. 8)Min has the comparative advantage of producing plates because the opportunity cost of producing one plate is only 2 parasols. 9) A. 2. 1)Equilibrium price= 25 Equilibrium quantity= 400 2)400 units would be supplied and demanded. 3)Surplus of 200 units. 4)$ 35 5)Shortage of 200 units 6)$15 3. 1)It would cause a decrease in demand and a shift in the demand curve to the left. )It would cause a decrease in demand and a shift in the demand curve to the left. 3)It would cause an increase in the current demand and a shift in the demand curve to the right. 4)It would cause an increase in the current demand and a shift in the demand curve to the right, because buyers would purchase more before the price goes up. 5)It would cause an increase in demand and a shift in the demand curve to the right. 6)Quantity goes down and prices go up so it would cause a movement in the demand curve to the left.

Writing a Pitch

Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch By Maeve Maddox Those of you planning to enter the Amazon/Penguin Fiction Contest have probably written your pitch by now. Every novelist, sooner or later, must give some thought to the pitch. Like a synopsis a pitch must presentin a short space if written, in a few minutes if spokenan overall description of the novel: main character/s, main conflict, main plot twists, and resolution. The pitch contains additional information about targeted audience and marketability. The Amazon/Penguin contest is expected to draw as many as 10,000 submissions. The 10,000 will be cut to 2,000 on the basis of 300-word pitches. Even if you dont plan to enter, you may find the contest criteria useful in planning the pitch you will eventually need if youre writing a novel. The 300-word contest pitches are expected to give judges a clear idea of the following aspects of the submitted novel: overall strength plot development character development originality of idea writing style intended market how the book fits within this market why the reader would want to read the novel The contents of a pitch are the same as what goes into a query letter. Good luck to those of you planning to enter. Any of our readers who entered last year may want to offer last minute tips. Guidelines for writing a fiction query letter Breakthrough Novel Contest site Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadStory Writing 101Oppose and Opposed To

The Difference Between Control Group and Experimental Group

The Difference Between Control Group and Experimental Group In an experiment, data from an experimental group is compared with data from a control group. These two groups should be identical in every respect except one: The difference between a control group and an experimental group is that the independent variable is changed for the experimental group, but is held constant in the control group. Key Takeaways: Control vs. Experimental Group The control group and experimental group are compared against each other in an experiment. The only difference between the two groups is that the independent variable is changed in the experimental group. The independent variable is controlled or held constant in the control group.A single experiment may include multiple experimental groups, which may all be compared against the control group.The purpose of having a control is to rule out other factors which may influence the results of an experiment. Not all experiments include a control group, but those that do are called controlled experiments.A placebo may also be used in an experiment. A placebo isnt a substitute for a control group because subjects exposed to a placebo may experience effects from the belief they are being tested. What Are Groups in Experiment Design? An experimental group is the group that receives an experimental procedure or a test sample. This group is exposed to changes in the independent variable being tested. The values of the independent variable and the result on the dependent variable are recorded. An experiment may include multiple experimental groups at one time. A control group is a group separated from the rest of the experiment such that the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results. This isolates the independent variables effects on the experiment and can help rule out alternative explanations of the experimental results. While all experiments have an experimental group, not all experiments require a control group. Controls are extremely useful where the experimental conditions are complex and difficult to isolate. Experiments that use control groups are called controlled experiments. A Simple Example of a Controlled Experiment A simple example of a controlled experiment may be used to determine whether or not plants need to be watered to live. The control group would be plants that are not watered. The experimental group would consist of plants that receive water. A clever scientist would wonder whether too much watering might kill the plants and would set up several experimental groups, each receiving a different amount of water. Sometimes setting up a controlled experiment can be confusing. For example, a scientist may wonder whether or not a species of bacteria needs oxygen in order to live. To test this, cultures of bacteria may be left in the air, while other cultures are placed in a sealed container of nitrogen (the most common component of air) or deoxygenated air (which likely contained extra carbon dioxide). Which container is the control? Which is the experimental group? Control Groups and Placebos The most common type of control group is one held at ordinary conditions so it doesnt experience a changing variable. For example, If you want to explore the effect of salt on plant growth, the control group would be a set of plants not exposed to salt, while the experimental group would receive the salt treatment. If you want to test whether the duration of light exposure affects fish reproduction, the control group would be exposed to a normal number of hours of light, while the duration would change for the experimental group. Experiments involving human subjects can be much more complex. If youre testing whether a drug is effective or not, for example, members of a control group may expect they will not unaffected. To prevent skewing the results, a placebo may be used. A placebo is a substance that doesnt contain an active therapeutic agent. If a control group takes a placebo, participants dont know whether they are being treated or not, so they have the same expectations as members of the experimental group. However, there is also the placebo effect to consider. Here, the recipient of the placebo experiences an effect or improvement because she believes there should be an effect. Another concern with a placebo is that its not always easy to formulate one that truly free of active ingredients. For example, if a sugar pill is given as a placebo, theres a chance the sugar will affect the outcome of the experiment. Positive and Negative Controls Positive and negative controls are two other types of control groups: Positive control groups are control groups in which the conditions guarantee a positive result. Positive control groups are effective to show the experiment is functioning as planned.Negative control groups are control groups in which conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not unaccounted for, such as contaminants. Sources Bailey, R. A. (2008). Design of Comparative Experiments. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68357-9.Chaplin, S. (2006). The placebo response: an important part of treatment. Prescriber: 16–22. doi:10.1002/psb.344Hinkelmann, Klaus; Kempthorne, Oscar (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume I: Introduction to Experimental Design (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72756-9.

MUSIC HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MUSIC HISTORY - Essay Example , freedom in intonation and inflection and a combination of style depending on the artist and the audience and the historical orientations, regarding social class and music preference. Medieval Music is the first style known to music historians and was found in the early 12th Century as secular music. Most music notes originated from Church music, giving it religious basis. They had rigid rules regarding rhythm and melody. The style is majorly a simple vocal and little instrumentation exists. Hildegard von Bingen is one of the musicians known from the medieval period; despite no record history, existing that may give details regarding the nature of the compositions of the medieval music. Renaissance is another style of music that took over after the medieval music. It originated from 1400 to 1600. The style had its origin in the sacred and secular vocals of the early musicians of the medieval days. The music had more freedom regarding harmony and rhythm. The composers were good choral writers, few instruments existed, and their vocals played a big role over the words. The instrument is played most of the time, words are few, and this makes it sound boring to the listener. The late stage had more harmony with strong sensation for each. The choral compositions enjoyed variety such as acapella anthems with many variations and dance movements. These made the music richer and more entertaining. Thomas Tallis and Josquin de Prez are musicians of this genre who enthralled the audiences although the music was still undergoing development. Baroque style of Music came after the Renaissance style and was common from 1600 to 1750, and is where the modern orchestra was born, along with operas, choruses, and recitals. Baroque music is heavily recitative in style especially opera and basso continuo. The soft string instruments were replaced by a violin, viola and cello. This was advancement in the music instruments. The instruments played a great role in the song as words are

Gender Socialization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Socialization - Research Paper Example Toddlers and elementary-aged youths have not yet reached this level of self-awareness in terms of identifying with their social environment, thus the clothing is more streamlined than with the unique patterns and styles available for older youths in their adolescent years. For teenagers and preteens, much of the clothing available did not exhibit any noticeable sexuality aspects other than the short skirts available for teenaged girls. Â  The toys available were generally the same across the shelves, except for those more masculine toys for teenagers that included military-garbed action figures while young girls were being exposed to promotional products that included make-up, homemaker accessories, and other feminine-minded products adorned in pink and light blue packaging. At the bookstore, most of the products were similar for boys and girls until reaching the section for older teens that were more themed related to gender, such as books by Judy Blume that dealt with identify for mation for girls related to their sexual development and curiosity about their bodies. Â  Consumer products, based on the research, seem to group children into appropriate gender roles, only after they have reached the elementary age and seem to carry more depth related to socially acceptable gender roles after they have reached early adolescence and beyond. There is definitely a trend that indicates consumer products expect more gender segregation for the preteen and teenaged children, toys and books for younger children.

The slaves moment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The slaves moment - Essay Example Life in the barracoons was indeed very tough for the slaves; two important aspects to understand here are that a number of slaves had to live together in a single barracoon and thus often felt suffocated because of the lack of space and terrible living conditions. Moreover, illnesses were widespread due to the lack of sanitation within these homes, if they could be called so. Due to the number of tics and rampant potentiality of sickness, the slaves were living under terrible conditions. Hill writes, ‘the masters wanted the barracoons to look clean outside so they painted them with whitewash.† (p.23) this helps the readers to understand the mentality of the masters and how badly they treated their slaves while making them live in horrible homes which looked neat from the outside so as to provide a different picture to the rest of the world. Esteban tried to leave escape the plantation in order to taste freedom however since he had never been anywhere else other than the p lantation, he was a little lost upon entering the woods. The reason why most slaves did not bother to runaway was because they feared being caught and then being treated in an even worse manner by their masters; Esteban thus wanted to taste a slice of freedom and act carelessly; he was not afraid of being caught because of the sole reason that he did not know worse fear than having to bow down to other human beings and do as they say without uttering a word. For a long time, he hid in cave and ate pigs in order to not be found and whenever he heard dogs barking, he immediately took off his clothes to prevent the animals from picking up his scent. – That was one of the methods of his survival. â€Å"The cave was big and dark like the mouth of a wolf.† (p. 45) 2. The second section is entitled ‘The Abolition of Slavery’ and talks about Montejo’s life until his emancipation in the year 1886. He worked in the sugar mills for a long time as a free worker and laboured his years away, working hard at the machines as well as performing manual labour acts of cutting and harvesting sugar cane. This helps in an understanding of the harsh lifestyle that peasants were forced to lead and the difficult work that goes into the forming of sugar and cane and the hard work required to sell it in the market at terribly low costs, not taking into account the labour that has been put into it. â€Å"There were masters, or rather, owners, who believed that blacks were made for locking up and whipping. So they treated them the same as before. To my mind blacks didn't realize that things had changed [with emancipation] because they kept on saying 'Your blessing, Master'.... [The white man] believed they were the owners of humanity† (p.62) He was highly critical about the life that the blacks and the mulattos were forced to lead and the lack of education that they were subject to, thereby ruining their chances of ever having the opportunity to le ad a better lifestyle. Further, he also spoke very lowly about the Catholic priests who treated women like whores and forced them to have sex with them and procreate as many children as they could. The workers enjoyed themselves as they often entertained themselves by playing games in the barracoons. They played games like tejo (p.26) where they used a corn on a cob to flip a coin and win coins from one another. Playing games was the only source of fun that they had and an aspect which took them to another world for sometime,

Industrial Raw Materials Resources Essay Example for Free

Industrial Raw Materials Resources Essay Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. Considering Political problems and Economic growth and Development of the Country, The Nuclear Power Plant should be the most appropriate for Nigeria. Due to the factors above, and concentrating on the abundance of Natural Resources of the Country (presence of Natural water bodies), I’ll recommend for Nigeria, the Hydropower as source of energy. This is due to the fact that construction of newer Dams in specific locations with higher Water bodies will bring about job opportunity, Encouragement of Agriculture (in the area of irrigation), Fish rearing amongst others. And also, low cost of maintenance, compared to nuclear power Plants. HOW TO GENERATE HYDROPOWER ENERGY Hydro-electricity, or hydro-power, is usually generated by turbines in a dam in a river. The dam means that a great body of water builds up in the river valley behind the dam. This is released through the turbines when electricity is needed. Smaller than dams are barrages across the mouths of rivers which capture water from high tides and release it to generate electricity. Smaller still are turbines in river and tidal streams which do the same thing. MODE OF OPERATION According to Wood and Wollenberg (1996) and Batut and Renaud (1992), the complexity of hydropower plant operation is so high that so far there are no unique principles devised for their management that could be applicable in  all situations. The reasons for that are: The inflow of water into hydropower plants depends upon a series of parameters that are difficult to forecast, so the plants have to adapt quickly to the actual situation, Water is a resource that is not used only for electricity generation, but also for water supply, melioration and other purposes, Hydropower plant operation is coupled with numerous limitations related to the environmental protection, valuable objects in the vicinity of the storages and Watercourses etc. The role of hydropower plants in the electricity generation and transmission system often dictates their dynamic operation (relatively frequent starts and shutdowns of their operation). The main source of uncertainty in planning of development of an electricity generation and Transmission system is the stochastic nature of availability of the units in thermal-power plants, as well as the water inflow into hydropower plants. The value of 95% is assumed as the limit for the probability of the fulfillment of the demanded electricity generation plan, because the design of an electricity generation and transmission system that would have the probability of fulfillment of electricity generation plan equal to 100%, would be economically unjustified, (Milić, 2000). The greatest influence upon the fulfillment of the electricity generation plan has the usable discharge of the water flow, while the key factors regarding the fulfillment of the Demands related to power are rated discharge, head and, particularly, the size of the hydropower plant storage. Hydropower plants also have a great significance regarding the attaining of a stable operation of the electricity generation and transmission system. This is valid particularly for the formation of the operating reserve (covering of all non-planned ceases of electricity generation in the system before the start of the cold reserve) and a part of the cold reserve (covering of longer non-planned ceases of operation of the thermal-power plant units) in the system. ADVANTAGES †¢Does not depend on costs of uranium, oil, or other fuels †¢Pollution is rarely created †¢It doesnt require as many employees †¢It can be set up in many sizes †¢Stations can operate and run for long periods of time †¢Reduces greenhouse emissions †¢Relatively low maintenance costs †¢Can be used throughout the world †¢It is renewable †¢Hydroelectricity produces no gas emissions or waste. †¢Hydroelectric stations are inexpensive to operate. †¢Makes barely any pollution compare to other ways of creating electricity †¢Hydroelectric power is one of the most responsive (easy to start and stop) of any electric power generating source. †¢The conversion of the forces of water to electric energy can be up to 90 percent efficient. †¢Hydroelectric power produces no chemical or waste heat pollution. †¢Hydroelectric power plants require little maintenance. †¢Reservoir lakes can be used for recreation, and can provide considerable flood protection to downstream areas. †¢Groundwater reserves are increased by recharging from reservoirs. †¢Plants usually have an expected life span two to three times longer than conventional thermal power plants. †¢Hydroelectric installations can be used to breed fish and other aquatic products †¢It is more reliable than solar and wind power because water can be stored and there is more of it, more often. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at constant rate. †¢If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until needed, when the water is released to produce electricity. †¢Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades. †¢The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports  and leisure / pleasure activities. Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right. †¢The lakes water can be used for irrigation purposes. †¢When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do not produce green house gases. They do not pollute the atmosphere. DISADVANTAGES †¢High investment costs †¢Dependent on precipitation †¢Sometimes messes up wildlife †¢Loss of fish species †¢Change in river or stream quality †¢Cost for construction †¢Hydroelectric power production require flooding of entire valleys and scenic areas. †¢Disrupts natural seasonal changes in he river, and ecosystems can be destroyed. †¢Ends flooding that help to clean out the silt in rivers, causing them to clog (Energy Laboratory). †¢The silt that usually flows down to the Beaches and Estuaries is block by the dam. †¢Studies show that the plant decay caused downstream of major dams produces as many greenhouse gasses as more conventional methods of producing electricity. †¢Dams are expensive to build, and due to drought may become useless, or produce much less power than originally planned. †¢A dam being build in Quebec will end up flooding an area as large as Switzerland (Energy Laboratory). †¢Dams can break in a massive flash flood †¢Construction costs of large-scale hydroelectric projects are high. †¢Damming rivers causes changes in ecological cycles and surrounding landscapes; self-regulating ecosystems are changed into ones that must be managed. †¢Sedimentation can progressively curtail a dams ability to store water and generate energy. †¢There are a limited number of feasible sites for large dams. †¢Damming can cause loss of land suitable for agriculture and recreation. †¢Drought can affect power production. †¢River channels downstream from dams are more susceptible to erosion. †¢A disadvantage of hydroelectric power stations is that it destroys wildlife and habitats of any creatures living in the area. †¢Dams are extremely  expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. †¢The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable. †¢The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is destroyed. †¢People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses. In some countries, people are forcibly removed so that hydro-power schemes can go ahead. †¢The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage. For example, the building of the Hoover Dam in the USA triggered a number of earth quakes and has depressed the earths surface at its location. †¢Although modern planning and design of dams is good, in the past old dams have been known to be breached (the dam gives under the weight of water in the lake). This has led to deaths and flooding. †¢Dams built blocking the progress of a river in one country usually means that the water supply from the same river in the following country is out of their control. This can lead to serious problems between neighboring countries. †¢Building a large dam alters the natural water table level. E.g., the building of the Aswan Dam in Egypt has altered the level of the water table. This is slowly leading to damage of many of its ancient monuments as salts and destructive minerals are deposited in the stone work from rising damp caused by the changing water table level. †¢Hydropower dams can damage the surrounding environment and alter the quality of the water by creating low dissolved oxygen levels, which impacts fish and the surrounding ecosystems. They also take up a great deal of space and can impose on animal, plant, and even human environments. †¢Fish populations can be impacted if fish cannot migrate upstream past impoundment dams to spawning grounds or if they cannot migrate downstream to the ocean. Upstream fish passage can be aided using fish ladders or elevators, or by trapping and hauling the fish upstream by truck. Downstream fish passage is aided by diverting fish from turbine intakes using screens or racks or even underwater lights and sounds, and by maintaining a minimum spill flow past the turbine. CONCLUSION. Hydropower as a renewable Energy, which can be built and also comes with a low level of maintenance and with the presence of water bodies as a Natural resource of Nigeria, it is advisable to have more and encourage construction  of Dams for Hydropower Energy.

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Heraclitus Heraclitus was born approximately at 540 B.C, He is one of the aristocratic families of Ephesus, near Colophon. Heraclitus had a reputation as a deliberately obscure thinker. Heraclitus often referred as â€Å"The Dark† due to the darkness of his writings. Even though there is no adequate English translation of the term â€Å"Logos† based on the writing, it can be seen that the logos was interpreted by Heraclitus as â€Å"The word of God† â€Å"Unity in Oppositeness†. Due to the fact that it is the controlling, magnificent force within nature, Heraclitus could simply classify it (Logos) as the mind of God. The fundamental dogma of Heraclitus’s orderliness is the allegation that there is a balanced structure of the solar system and that this structure establishes and maintain the stability of the universe. In order to understand what is â€Å"Logos† one should have a soul (Seeing, Hearing, Perception). It is said by Heraclitus that God is always better than men. Unity in Opposites could be interpreted as even though there are things which are the total opposites of each other, they are still able to unite in one unity. For example, Sea could be considered as two things, Sea could be the most pure water for fishes, yet sea water could be the most polluted water for men. For fishes it is drinkable and sanitary, while for men it is undrinkable and deleterious. (Fr. 61) Moreover, looking further on Heraclitus â€Å"Logos† we can say that he thinks that antithesis/opposites make unity. For example, God is day night, winter summer, war peace, satiety hunger (Fr. 67). In this writing, it is safe to say that Heraclitus considered fire as the most fundamental and important element in this world. Heraclitus strongly believes that fire is the most essential com... ...equilibrium is a place where everything is constantly changing. Hence, the idea of fire. Based on this paradigm now we could possibly understand why in the first place Heraclitus uses fire as the most suitable metaphor for the logos as fire never stays in one form, it is always changing. It is probably based on the same reason why Heraclitus likes the nature of river as the river is always changing, new water will continuously flows through replacing the old one, and it will remains the same for a very long period, probably forever. Moreover, still in the coverage of the previous theory, Heraclitus expanded Anaximander’s idea of the interaction of opposites. Heraclitus views that the animosity between all the opposites’ things in this world is actually universal; it never end. In fact, animosity might be the reason behind why we could have justice and equilibrium.

Bill of Rights Essay

The Bill of Rights is the ten amendments of the United States Constitution. They were first introduced by James Madison in 1789. These amendments protect the fundamental rights of citizens by restricting the powers of the federal government. These rights provide freedom of speech, religion, bear arms and freedom from search and cruel punishment. Congress can also cannot impose the death penalty or seize the property of any individual without the due process of courts. The Bill of Rights remains the fundamental document of the American government and legal system. It also embodies the freedom and culture of the nation. The First Amendment of the United States prevents Congress from making legislation that establishes any religion, prohibits freedom of religion, restricts freedom of speech and press or limits the right to assemble peacefully. The founding fathers did not want an official Church to be established in the new nation. The British had established the Church of England as the official church of Britain. This Church was also the official church in some of the colonies. The founding fathers believed that this limited their freedom of religion. They also believed that government should not favor any one religion because it would lead to religious intolerance. Indeed the primary function of migration to North America was to escape the religious and economic persecution present in Europe. Anti British publications disseminated information regarding abuses of the colonial rule. Further anyone with pro British sentiments was silenced or intimidated. The founding fathers therefore passed this amendment in order to ensure that tolerance of different ideas and expression were allowed (Hoffman, 1997). The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution allows the creation of a militia and the right of people to keep and bear arms. The creation of a militia was taken from England which had passed a law in 1689 giving the right to bear arms. The right to keep arms protected the American colonists from Indian attacks and European enemies of Britain. These arms would also be useful for the colonists when they declared their independence from Britain. The founding fathers also believed that the English law restricts the citizens of England to bear and keep arms to Protestants. Poor people cannot use weapons for hunting purposes. Further they also believed that a universal militia is the best defense against foreign aggression (Hoffman, 1997). The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution helps protect the citizens from illegal searches and seizures conducted by political authority. The British used writs of assistance which were general search warrants after its navigation laws were being ignored by American colonists. The founding fathers did not want this type of illegal search and seizure to be conducted by the American government. This was the reason why the Fourth Amendment was passed (Hoffman, 1997). The Third Amendment prohibits the government from allowing soldiers to be lodged into the private homes of civilians. The founding fathers wanted to prevent the government from allowing this as the British had done before the American Revolution. According to the Quartering Act, British troops could lodge in private homes and use whatever resources were needed to maintain discipline and morale (Hoffman, 1997). The Eight Amendment prohibits cruel punishment and excessive fines. In England, the power to grant bails to criminals was in the hands of sheriffs. This would lead to abuses in power. Despite a law passed by the English parliament, the law was still subverted. The founding fathers sought to curb this English law after independence to prevent the government from imposing excessive fines and cruel punishment (Hoffman, 1997). The Fifth Amendment of the US Constitution allows accused criminals to be provided with due process of law and forbids double jeopardy. It also prevents the forcible testimony of a person against himself or herself. The British colonial legal system was flawed as it did not give criminals the due process during legal proceedings. It did not protect the individuals from political or religious enemies. It was misused by anyone who wanted to settle scores with anyone. The founding fathers of the United States of America did not want this to occur. This Amendment therefore calls for the establishment of impartial grand juries which would protect criminals from false accusations or abuse of law. It also prevents the conviction of a person again if he has served prison for one crime. The Amendments of the US Bills of Rights which were incorporated into the US Constitution are the foundation of the country’s legal system, government and culture. They ensure the protection of the rights of individuals and restrict the ability of the Federal government to impose laws which would infringe on the civil liberties of the people. References: Ronald Hoffman. The Bill of Rights: Government Proscribed. University Press of Virginia for the United States Capitol Historical Society, 1997.

Trifles Symbolism

For centuries people have been writing dramas, but witnessing the drama of a story is a different kind of experience. There are many elements that make up dramas, including sets/setting, plot, conflict, symbolism, point of view, irony etc. Symbolism is something that can be hard to look for in a drama. A symbol is something that represents more than itself. In a drama props, clothing, or sets could all be used as symbols. When symbolism is added to a play it becomes more sophisticated. A symbol can put a play on a whole new level and get an audience to think of the play in a whole new way. Symbols are often hard to find and many times you have to re read work to find them. In an article by Hickett she helps readers understand ways to find symbols â€Å"There are several ways to recognize symbolism in literature. One is the frequency an object or character is mentioned in a piece of literature–if it is mentioned often, it is probably important. Another way to find a symbol is to look at how much detail is used in describing an object† (1). Susan Glaspell uses many symbols in her play Trifles. Glaspell uses symbols such as a canary, quilt, birdcage, rocking chair, cherry preserves all have symbolism given to them by Glaspell in the play. She uses her props very well to give them dual meanings that could easily pass ones eye. Each thing has a meaning to help solve the case, and even show who Mrs. Wright really is. One of the main symbols in the story was the canary. The dead canary shows that Mrs. Wright is capable of murder. Since the bird had a broken neck it shows that it did not die of natural causes. This means that the birds death could also symbolize Mr. Wright’s death. It is up to a reader to determine if Mr. Wright killed the bird so Mrs. Wright killed him, or if Mrs. Wright were to kill both. The Canary could also symbolize the life and happiness Mrs. Wright once experienced but how it was killed by Mr. Wright. Another key symbol in this story was the bird cage. It symbolizes a guard. Mrs. Wright had a guard up of how her life really was and the way Mr. Wright treated her. She could not show what she was actually going through. It shows how after marriage her life became secluded, like a bird in the cage would be. The next symbol found in Trifles is the rocking chair. The chair symbolizes calmness. It shows throughout everything that Mrs. Wright is going through and how nervous she may be, while Hale is questioning her she can still remain calm. It shows that the chair was a place of tranquility, somewhere she could spend her time and be in peace.